1.0 2016-09-30 22:32:50 UTC 2020-06-04 20:44:19 UTC BMDB0000561 BMDB00561 B-Carotene Beta-Carotene, also known as B-carotene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Beta-Carotene is possibly soluble (in water) and possibly neutral. Beta-Carotene exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. 1,1'-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-Tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaene-1,18-diyl]bis(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexene) all-trans-beta-Carotene beta-Karotin all-trans-b-Carotene all-trans-Β-carotene b-Karotin Β-karotin b-Carotene Β-carotene (all-e)-1,1'-(3,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaene-1,18-diyl)bis (all-e)-1,1'-(3,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaene-1,18-diyl)bis[2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexene all-e-b-Carotene all-epsilon-beta-Carotene Betacarotene BetaVit Carotaben Carotene base 80S FOOD Orange 5 KPMK Lucaratin Lucarotin Lurotin Provatene Provatenol Rovimix b-carotene Serlabo Solatene Hermal brand OF betacarotene Max-caro Merck brand OF betacarotene Roche brand OF betacarotene BellaCarotin Betacarotene roche brand Betacarotene solgar brand Marlyn brand OF betacarotene Betacarotene hermal brand Max caro Solgar brand OF betacarotene 3m Brand OF betacarotene Betacarotene 3m brand Betacarotene marlyn brand Betacarotene merck brand Carotene, beta MaxCaro Vetoron beta Carotene b Carotene Β carotene beta-Carotene C40H56 536.888 536.438201803 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-1-ene β-carotene 7235-40-7 C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C InChI=1S/C40H56/c1-31(19-13-21-33(3)25-27-37-35(5)23-15-29-39(37,7)8)17-11-12-18-32(2)20-14-22-34(4)26-28-38-36(6)24-16-30-40(38,9)10/h11-14,17-22,25-28H,15-16,23-24,29-30H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,19-13+,20-14+,27-25+,28-26+,31-17+,32-18+,33-21+,34-22+ OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Organic compounds Lipids and lipid-like molecules Prenol lipids Tetraterpenoids Carotenes Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons Cycloalkenes Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon Carotene Cyclic olefin Cycloalkene Hydrocarbon Olefin Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon Unsaturated hydrocarbon Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds C40 isoprenoids (tetraterpenes) C40 isoprenoids (tetraterpenes) Carotenoids cyclic carotene Solid melting_point 183 °C water_solubility 0.6 mg/mL logp 9.72 ALOGPS logs -6.14 ALOGPS logp 11.12 ChemAxon iupac 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-1-ene ChemAxon average_mass 536.888 ChemAxon mono_mass 536.438201803 ChemAxon smiles C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C ChemAxon formula C40H56 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C40H56/c1-31(19-13-21-33(3)25-27-37-35(5)23-15-29-39(37,7)8)17-11-12-18-32(2)20-14-22-34(4)26-28-38-36(6)24-16-30-40(38,9)10/h11-14,17-22,25-28H,15-16,23-24,29-30H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,19-13+,20-14+,27-25+,28-26+,31-17+,32-18+,33-21+,34-22+ ChemAxon inchikey OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 0 ChemAxon refractivity 191.61 ChemAxon polarizability 72.05 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 10 ChemAxon acceptor_count 0 ChemAxon donor_count 0 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon number_of_rings 2 ChemAxon bioavailability 0 ChemAxon rule_of_five Yes ChemAxon ghose_filter Yes ChemAxon veber_rule Yes ChemAxon mddr_like_rule Yes ChemAxon Retinol Metabolism SMP0087260 Specdb::EiMs 1774 Specdb::CMs 22043 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1364 Specdb::MsMs 782 Specdb::MsMs 783 Specdb::MsMs 784 Specdb::MsMs 4191 Specdb::MsMs 179661 Specdb::MsMs 179662 Specdb::MsMs 179663 Specdb::MsMs 181995 Specdb::MsMs 181996 Specdb::MsMs 181997 Specdb::MsMs 451859 Specdb::MsMs 2813936 Specdb::MsMs 2813937 Specdb::MsMs 2813938 Specdb::MsMs 2891832 Specdb::MsMs 2891833 Specdb::MsMs 2891834 Specdb::NmrOneD 273658 Specdb::NmrOneD 273659 Specdb::NmrOneD 273660 Specdb::NmrOneD 273661 Specdb::NmrOneD 273662 Specdb::NmrOneD 273663 Specdb::NmrOneD 273664 Specdb::NmrOneD 273665 Specdb::NmrOneD 273666 Specdb::NmrOneD 273667 Specdb::NmrOneD 273668 Specdb::NmrOneD 273669 Specdb::NmrOneD 273670 Specdb::NmrOneD 273671 Specdb::NmrOneD 273672 Specdb::NmrOneD 273673 Specdb::NmrOneD 273674 Specdb::NmrOneD 273675 Specdb::NmrOneD 273676 Specdb::NmrOneD 273677 Adipose Tissue Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Adrenal Gland Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Epidermis Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Erythrocyte Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Fibroblasts Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Intestine Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Liver Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Milk 0.127 uM Raw milk. Diet: low hay diet Noziere P, Grolier P, Durand D, Ferlay A, Pradel P, Martin B: Variations in carotenoids, fat-soluble micronutrients, and color in cows' plasma and milk following changes in forage and feeding level. J Dairy Sci. 2006 Jul;89(7):2634-48. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72340-2. 16772583 Milk 0.0713 uM Raw milk collected 8-14 wks after parturition; 2nd lactation; paper also contains values for other lactations/seasons Larson LL, Wallen SE, Owen FG, Lowry SR: Relation of age, season, production, and health indices to iodine and beta-carotene concentrations in cow's milk. J Dairy Sci. 1983 Dec;66(12):2557-62. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(83)82126-2. 6668379 Milk 0.415 +/- 0.0466 uM Raw milk. Diet: corn silage with concentrates; Breed: Holstein International Dairy Journal; Volume 14, Issue 7, July 2004, Pages 563-570 Milk 1.298 +/- 0.142 uM Raw. Diet: grass silage with concentates; Breed: holstein International Dairy Journal; Volume 14, Issue 7, July 2004, Pages 563-570 Milk 0.0400 +/- 0.0200 uM Spanish commercial milk; low-fat 1.5% International Dairy Journal; Volume 15, Issue 5, May 2005, Pages 521-526 Milk 0.110 +/- 0.0400 uM Spanish commercial milk; low-fat 3.6% International Dairy Journal; Volume 15, Issue 5, May 2005, Pages 521-526 Milk 0.0700 +/- 0.0100 uM Spanish commercial milk; skim 0.3% fat International Dairy Journal; Volume 15, Issue 5, May 2005, Pages 521-526 Milk 0.131 uM Milk, partly skim, conventional (not organic), 1.5 % fat Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&lang=en Milk 0.131 uM Milk, partly skim, organic, 1.5 % fat Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&lang=en Milk 0.0246 uM Skim milk Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&lang=en Milk 0.0412 uM Milk, skim, 0.5 % fat Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&lang=en Milk 0.0246 uM Milk, skim, organic Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&lang=en Milk 0.285 uM Milk, whole, 3.5, (UHT), % fat Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&lang=en Milk 0.298 uM Milk, whole, conventional (not organic), 3.5 % fat Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&lang=en Milk 0.298 uM Milk, whole, organic, 3.5 % fat Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&lang=en Milk 0.0745 - 10.293 uM Chotyakul N, Pateiro-Moure M, Saraiva JA, Torres JA, Pérez-Lamela C. 2014. Simultaneous HPLC–DAD quantification of vitamins A and E content in raw, pasteurized, and UHT cow’s milk and their changes during storage. European Food Research and Technology. 238(4):535–547 Muscle Samples have been collected from Heifer cows. Osorio MT, Downey G, Moloney AP, Rohrle FT, Luciano G, Schmidt O, Monahan FJ: Beef authentication using dietary markers: chemometric selection and modelling of significant beef biomarkers using concatenated data from multiple analytical methods. Food Chem. 2013 Dec 1;141(3):2795-801. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.118. Epub 2013 Jun 5. 23871026 Placenta Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Platelet Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Prostate Tissue Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Spleen Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 FDB014613 C02094 4444129 DB06755 C00000919 5280489 17579 CPD1F-129 Beta_Carotene Larson LL, Wallen SE, Owen FG, Lowry SR: Relation of age, season, production, and health indices to iodine and beta-carotene concentrations in cow's milk. J Dairy Sci. 1983 Dec;66(12):2557-62. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(83)82126-2. 6668379 Noziere P, Grolier P, Durand D, Ferlay A, Pradel P, Martin B: Variations in carotenoids, fat-soluble micronutrients, and color in cows' plasma and milk following changes in forage and feeding level. J Dairy Sci. 2006 Jul;89(7):2634-48. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72340-2. 16772583 Jensen RG: The composition of bovine milk lipids: January 1995 to December 2000. J Dairy Sci. 2002 Feb;85(2):295-350. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74079-4. 11913692 International Dairy Journal; Volume 14, Issue 7, July 2004, Pages 563-570 International Dairy Journal; Volume 15, Issue 5, May 2005, Pages 521-526 Chotyakul N, Pateiro-Moure M, Saraiva JA, Torres JA, Pérez-Lamela C. 2014. Simultaneous HPLC–DAD quantification of vitamins A and E content in raw, pasteurized, and UHT cow’s milk and their changes during storage. European Food Research and Technology. 238(4):535–547 Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&lang=en