<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:32:52 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 20:04:17 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0000564</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB00564</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>PC(16:0/16:0)</name>
  <description>PC(16:0/16:0), also known as DPPC or 16:0-16:0-PC, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phosphatidylcholines. These are glycerophosphocholines in which the two free -OH are attached to one fatty acid each through an ester linkage. Thus, PC(16:0/16:0) is considered to be a glycerophosphocholine lipid molecule. PC(16:0/16:0) exists as a solid, very hydrophobic, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral molecule. PC(16:0/16:0) exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In cattle, PC(16:0/16:0) is involved in the metabolic pathway called phospholipid biosynthesis pathway.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>1,2-Bis(hexadecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-L-lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-16:0-2-16:0-Phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>16:0-16:0-PC</synonym>
    <synonym>Colfosceril palmitate</synonym>
    <synonym>Colfoscerili palmitas</synonym>
    <synonym>Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>Dipalmitoyl-GPC</synonym>
    <synonym>Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(16:0/16:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>GPCho 16:0/16:0</synonym>
    <synonym>GPCho(16:0/16:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>Palmitate de colfosceril</synonym>
    <synonym>Palmitato de colfoscerilo</synonym>
    <synonym>PC 16:0/16:0</synonym>
    <synonym>PC(32:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphatidylcholine 16:0/16:0</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphatidylcholine(16:0/16:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphatidylcholine(32:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>Colfosceril palmitic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Palmitic acid de colfosceril</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>Lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>PC(16:0/16:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-dihexadecanoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>GPCho(32:0)</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-4-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-10-oxo-7-[(1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]-3,5,9-trioxa-4-phosphapentacosan-1-aminium 4-oxide hydroxide inner salt</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-4-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-10-oxo-7-[(1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]-3,5,9-trioxa-4-phosphapentacosan-1-aminium 4-oxide inner salt</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Bis(palmitoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-L-3-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-L-a-lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-L-a-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-L-alpha-lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-L-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-3-glycerophosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerophosphorylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-dipalmitoylglycero-3-Phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-L-a-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-L-alpha-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>b,g-Dipalmitoyl L-a-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>b,g-Dipalmitoyl L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>b,g-Dipalmitoyl-L-(a)-lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>b,g-Dipalmitoyl-L-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>Dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>Dipalmitoyl L-a-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>Dipalmitoyl L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>Dipalmitoyl-L-3-glycerylphosphorylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>Dipalmitoyl-L-a-lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>Dipalmitoyl-L-a-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>Dipalmitoyl-L-alpha-lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>Dipalmitoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>Dipalmitoyl-sn-3-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>DPPC</synonym>
    <synonym>L-1,2-Dipalmitoyl-a-lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>L-1,2-Dipalmitoyl-alpha-lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>L-1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>L-a-1,2-Dipalmitoyl lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>L-a-Dipalmitoylecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>L-a-Dipalmitoyllecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>L-a-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>L-a-DPPC</synonym>
    <synonym>L-alpha-1,2-Dipalmitoyl lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>L-alpha-Dipalmitoylecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>L-alpha-Dipalmitoyllecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>L-alpha-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>L-alpha-DPPC</synonym>
    <synonym>L-b,g-Dipalmitoyl-a-lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>L-b,g-Dipalmitoyl-a-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>L-b,g-Dipalmitoyl-alpha-lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>L-b,g-Dipalmitoyl-alpha-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>L-b,g-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>L-Dipalmitoyl lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>L-DPPC</synonym>
    <synonym>PC Aa C32:0</synonym>
    <synonym>sn-3-Dipalmitoyllecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-GPC</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Distearoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C40H80NO8P</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>734.0389</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>733.562155053</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2-{[(2R)-2,3-bis(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(2-{[(2R)-2,3-bis(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>63-89-8</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[H][C@@](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C40H80NO8P/c1-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-20-22-24-26-28-30-32-39(42)46-36-38(37-48-50(44,45)47-35-34-41(3,4)5)49-40(43)33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9-7-2/h38H,6-37H2,1-5H3/t38-/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>KILNVBDSWZSGLL-KXQOOQHDSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phosphatidylcholines. These are glycerophosphocholines in which the two free -OH are attached to one fatty acid each through an ester linkage.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Glycerophospholipids</class>
    <sub_class>Glycerophosphocholines</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Phosphatidylcholines</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Amines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acid esters</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Dialkyl phosphates</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Fatty acid esters</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic salts</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phosphocholines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tetraalkylammonium salts</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl phosphate</substituent>
      <substituent>Amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Diacylglycero-3-phosphocholine</substituent>
      <substituent>Dialkyl phosphate</substituent>
      <substituent>Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acyl</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic phosphoric acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic salt</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Phosphocholine</substituent>
      <substituent>Phosphoric acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Quaternary ammonium salt</substituent>
      <substituent>Tetraalkylammonium salt</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Diacylglycerophosphocholines</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>phosphatidylcholine 32:0</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>5.29</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-7.52</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>8.11</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>1.86</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-6.7</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(2-{[(2R)-2,3-bis(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>734.0389</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>733.562155053</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>[H][C@@](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C40H80NO8P</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C40H80NO8P/c1-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-20-22-24-26-28-30-32-39(42)46-36-38(37-48-50(44,45)47-35-34-41(3,4)5)49-40(43)33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9-7-2/h38H,6-37H2,1-5H3/t38-/m1/s1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>KILNVBDSWZSGLL-KXQOOQHDSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>111.19</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>215.87</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>92</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>40</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/16:0)</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0080514</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PE(16:0/16:0)</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0082317</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Phospholipid Biosynthesis</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087228</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1366</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>666493</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>666494</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>666495</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1471293</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1473285</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1473286</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1473365</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1473375</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1473376</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1473377</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475935</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475936</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475937</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475938</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475939</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475940</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475941</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475942</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475943</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475944</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475945</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475946</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475947</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475948</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1475949</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1421</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273678</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273679</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273680</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273681</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273682</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273683</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273684</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273685</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273686</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273687</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273688</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273689</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273690</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273691</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273692</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273693</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273694</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273695</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273696</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>273697</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>10.4 +/- 0.4</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Commercial 1% milk by LC-HRMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>12.5 +/- 0.5</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Commercial 2% milk by LC-HRMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>15.1 +/- 0.3</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Commercial 3.25% milk by LC-HRMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>10.2 +/- 0.3</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Commercial skim milk by LC-HRMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Placenta</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.040 +/- 0.03</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow, no barley grains in diet. Metabolite measured DFI-MS/MS.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <pubchem_compound_id>452110</pubchem_compound_id>
  <kegg_id>C00157</kegg_id>
  <chebi_id>72999</chebi_id>
  <chemspider_id>398235</chemspider_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB022121</foodb_id>
  <drugbank_id>DB09114</drugbank_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>1-2-DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE</meta_cyc_id>
  <wikipedia_id/>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <metlin_id>5548</metlin_id>
  <pdbe_id></pdbe_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Bouirig, H.; Eloy, D.; Jardon, P.  Formation and reactivity of the singlet oxygen photosensitized by hypericin in the liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.  Evidence of delayed oxidation.    Journal de Chimie Physique et de Physico-Chimie Biologique  (1992),  89(6),  1391-411. </synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation)</reference_text>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00390</protein_accession>
      <name>Cholinephosphotransferase 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q1LZE6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>CHPT1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00420</protein_accession>
      <name>Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q7YRH6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PEMT</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP03194</protein_accession>
      <name>Phospholipase A2, membrane associated</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q56JZ2</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PLA2G2A</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
