<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:33:49 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-11 20:08:56 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0000626</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB00626</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Deoxycholic acid</name>
  <description/>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(3ALPHA,5ALPHA,12ALPHA)-3,12-DIHYDROXYCHOLAN-24-OIC ACID</synonym>
    <synonym>(3alpha,5beta,12alpha)-3,12-Dihydroxycholan-24-Oic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>7alpha-Deoxycholic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Desoxycholic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Desoxycholsaeure</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholate</synonym>
    <synonym>3alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate</synonym>
    <synonym>(3a,5a,12a)-3,12-DIHYDROXYCHOLAN-24-Oate</synonym>
    <synonym>(3a,5a,12a)-3,12-DIHYDROXYCHOLAN-24-Oic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(3alpha,5alpha,12alpha)-3,12-DIHYDROXYCHOLAN-24-Oate</synonym>
    <synonym>(3Α,5α,12α)-3,12-dihydroxycholan-24-Oate</synonym>
    <synonym>(3Α,5α,12α)-3,12-dihydroxycholan-24-Oic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(3a,5b,12a)-3,12-Dihydroxycholan-24-Oate</synonym>
    <synonym>(3a,5b,12a)-3,12-Dihydroxycholan-24-Oic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(3alpha,5beta,12alpha)-3,12-Dihydroxycholan-24-Oate</synonym>
    <synonym>(3Α,5β,12α)-3,12-dihydroxycholan-24-Oate</synonym>
    <synonym>(3Α,5β,12α)-3,12-dihydroxycholan-24-Oic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3a,12a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanate</synonym>
    <synonym>3a,12a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3Α,12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholanate</synonym>
    <synonym>3Α,12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>7a-Deoxycholate</synonym>
    <synonym>7a-Deoxycholic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>7alpha-Deoxycholate</synonym>
    <synonym>7Α-deoxycholate</synonym>
    <synonym>7Α-deoxycholic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Desoxycholate</synonym>
    <synonym>5b-Cholanic acid-3a,12a-diol</synonym>
    <synonym>5b-Deoxycholate</synonym>
    <synonym>5b-Deoxycholic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>7-Deoxycholate</synonym>
    <synonym>7-Deoxycholic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Cholerebic</synonym>
    <synonym>Cholorebic</synonym>
    <synonym>Degalol</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxy-cholate</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxy-cholic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholatate</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholatic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Acid, lagodeoxycholic</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholic acid, 5alpha isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholic acid, sodium salt, 12beta-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Lagodeoxycholic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Acid, choleic</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholic acid, 12beta isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholic acid, 3beta-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholic acid, monoammonium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>12beta-Isomer deoxycholic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3beta-Isomer deoxycholic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Acid, 5alpha-isomer deoxycholic</synonym>
    <synonym>Acid, deoxycholic</synonym>
    <synonym>Acid, desoxycholic</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholate, sodium</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholic acid, 12beta-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholic acid, 5alpha-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholic acid, monopotassium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholic acid, monosodium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>5alpha-Isomer deoxycholic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Acid, dihydroxycholanoic</synonym>
    <synonym>Choleic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholic acid, 3beta isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholic acid, disodium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>Deoxycholic acid, magnesium (2:1) salt</synonym>
    <synonym>Dihydroxycholanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Sodium deoxycholate</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C24H40O4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>392.572</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>392.292659768</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>83-44-3</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-9-22(27)28)18-7-8-19-17-6-5-15-12-16(25)10-11-23(15,2)20(17)13-21(26)24(18,19)3/h14-21,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15-,16-,17+,18-,19+,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives. Dihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives are compounds containing or derived from a bile acid or alcohol, and which bears exactly two carboxylic acid groups.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Steroids and steroid derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Dihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>12-hydroxysteroids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>3-alpha-hydroxysteroids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Cyclic alcohols and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>12-hydroxysteroid</substituent>
      <substituent>3-alpha-hydroxysteroid</substituent>
      <substituent>3-hydroxysteroid</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Cyclic alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Dihydroxy bile acid, alcohol, or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxysteroid</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>C24 bile acids, alcohols, and derivatives</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>C24 bile acids, alcohols, and derivatives</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Cholane and derivatives</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>bile acid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.30</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-4.35</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.79</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>4.65</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-0.35</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>392.572</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>392.292659768</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C24H40O4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-9-22(27)28)18-7-8-19-17-6-5-15-12-16(25)10-11-23(15,2)20(17)13-21(26)24(18,19)3/h14-21,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15-,16-,17+,18-,19+,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>77.76</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>109.2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>46.3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Bile Acid Biosynthesis</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087236</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1388</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1443</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>9656</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>37659</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>134152</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>141886</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070675</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070677</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070679</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070681</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070683</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070685</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070687</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070689</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070691</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070693</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070695</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070697</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070699</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>852</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>853</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>854</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4243</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4244</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4245</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>248661</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>248662</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>248663</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>268602</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>268603</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>268604</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438694</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439280</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439281</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2244215</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2245898</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2246363</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2247903</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2248356</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2250038</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2250327</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2252047</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2672001</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2672002</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Erythrocyte</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Fibroblasts</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Intestine</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Metabolomics analysis was performed using GC-MS/LC-MS in multiparous Holstein dairy cows</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Shahzad K, Lopreiato V, Liang Y, Trevisi E, Osorio JS, Xu C, Loor JJ: Hepatic metabolomics and transcriptomics to study susceptibility to ketosis in response to prepartal nutritional management. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2019 Dec 18;10:96. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0404-z. eCollection 2019.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31867104</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <drugbank_id>DB03619</drugbank_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB012780</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id>193196</chemspider_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>222528</pubchem_compound_id>
  <kegg_id>C04483</kegg_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id>28834</chebi_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00030117</knapsack_id>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Deoxycholic acid</wikipedia_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <metlin_id>265</metlin_id>
  <synthesis_reference>He, Zhiquan.  in-situ generation of deoxycholic acid by poultry for Chinese medicine.    Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu  (1993),     3 pp.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01586</protein_accession>
      <name>Bile acid receptor</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q3SZL0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>NR1H4</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
