1.0 2016-09-30 22:43:57 UTC 2020-06-04 20:34:30 UTC BMDB0001311 BMDB01311 D-Lactic acid L-Lactic acid, also known as D-lactate or D-milchsaeure, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon. L-Lactic acid exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa) molecule. L-Lactic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. L-Lactic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions, within cattle. In particular, L-Lactic acid can be converted into pyruvic acid; which is catalyzed by the enzyme L-lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, L-Lactic acid can be converted into L-lactic acid through the action of the enzyme monocarboxylate transporter. In cattle, L-lactic acid is involved in the metabolic pathway called cancer (via the Warburg effect). L-Lactic acid is a potentially toxic compound. (-)-Lactic acid (R)-(-)-Lactic acid D-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid D-2-Hydroxypropionic acid D-Milchsaeure LACTIC ACID D-Lactate (-)-Lactate (R)-(-)-Lactate D-2-Hydroxypropanoate D-2-Hydroxypropionate LACTate L-Lactate (R)-2-Hydroxypropanoate (R)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (R)-2-Hydroxypropionate (R)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid (R)-a-Hydroxypropionate (R)-a-Hydroxypropionic acid (R)-alpha-Hydroxypropionate (R)-alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid (R)-Lactate (R)-Lactic acid D-(-)-Lactate D-(-)-Lactic acid delta-(-)-Lactate delta-(-)-Lactic acid delta-2-Hydroxypropanoate delta-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid delta-2-Hydroxypropionate delta-2-Hydroxypropionic acid delta-Lactate delta-Lactic acid DLA L-(+)-Lactate Propel Tisulac 2 Hydroxypropanoic acid 2 Hydroxypropionic acid 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid Ammonium lactate L Lactic acid 2-Hydroxypropionic acid Sarcolactic acid D Lactic acid Lactate, ammonium L-Lactic acid D-Lactic acid C3H6O3 90.0779 90.031694058 (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid D-lactic acid 10326-41-7 C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m1/s1 JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon. Organic compounds Organic acids and derivatives Hydroxy acids and derivatives Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives Carbonyl compounds Carboxylic acids Hydrocarbon derivatives Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives Organic oxides Secondary alcohols Alcohol Aliphatic acyclic compound Alpha-hydroxy acid Carbonyl group Carboxylic acid Carboxylic acid derivative Hydrocarbon derivative Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organooxygen compound Secondary alcohol Aliphatic acyclic compounds 2-hydroxypropanoic acid Solid melting_point 52.8 °C logp -0.79 ALOGPS logs 0.79 ALOGPS logp -0.47 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 3.78 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic -3.7 ChemAxon iupac (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid ChemAxon average_mass 90.0779 ChemAxon mono_mass 90.031694058 ChemAxon smiles C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O ChemAxon formula C3H6O3 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m1/s1 ChemAxon inchikey JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 57.53 ChemAxon refractivity 18.84 ChemAxon polarizability 8.05 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 1 ChemAxon acceptor_count 3 ChemAxon donor_count 2 ChemAxon physiological_charge -1 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon number_of_rings 0 ChemAxon bioavailability 1 ChemAxon rule_of_five Yes ChemAxon ghose_filter Yes ChemAxon veber_rule Yes ChemAxon mddr_like_rule Yes ChemAxon Gluconeogenesis SMP0087223 Pyruvaldehyde Degradation SMP0087210 Pyruvate Metabolism SMP0087231 Warburg Effect SMP0087270 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1063 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1621 Specdb::EiMs 1989 Specdb::CMs 2962 Specdb::CMs 38017 Specdb::CMs 102652 Specdb::CMs 102653 Specdb::CMs 102654 Specdb::CMs 160511 Specdb::MsMs 1513 Specdb::MsMs 1514 Specdb::MsMs 1515 Specdb::MsMs 179190 Specdb::MsMs 179191 Specdb::MsMs 179192 Specdb::MsMs 181515 Specdb::MsMs 181516 Specdb::MsMs 181517 Specdb::MsMs 438632 Specdb::MsMs 2248919 Specdb::MsMs 2249456 Specdb::MsMs 2250911 Specdb::MsMs 3048284 Specdb::MsMs 3048285 Specdb::MsMs 3048286 Specdb::MsMs 3096055 Specdb::MsMs 3096056 Specdb::MsMs 3096057 Specdb::NmrOneD 1680 Specdb::NmrOneD 4830 Specdb::NmrOneD 4831 Specdb::NmrOneD 147310 Specdb::NmrOneD 147311 Specdb::NmrOneD 147312 Specdb::NmrOneD 147313 Specdb::NmrOneD 147314 Specdb::NmrOneD 147315 Specdb::NmrOneD 147316 Specdb::NmrOneD 147317 Specdb::NmrOneD 147318 Specdb::NmrOneD 147319 Specdb::NmrOneD 147320 Specdb::NmrOneD 147321 Specdb::NmrOneD 147322 Specdb::NmrOneD 147323 Specdb::NmrOneD 147324 Specdb::NmrOneD 147325 Specdb::NmrOneD 147326 Specdb::NmrOneD 147327 Specdb::NmrOneD 147328 Specdb::NmrOneD 147329 Bladder Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Brain Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Epidermis Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Fibroblasts Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Intestine Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Liver 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under corn stover based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Liver Metabolomics analysis was performed using GC-MS/LC-MS in multiparous Holstein dairy cows Shahzad K, Lopreiato V, Liang Y, Trevisi E, Osorio JS, Xu C, Loor JJ: Hepatic metabolomics and transcriptomics to study susceptibility to ketosis in response to prepartal nutritional management. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2019 Dec 18;10:96. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0404-z. eCollection 2019. 31867104 Liver 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under alfalfa hay based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Mammary Gland 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under corn stover based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Mammary Gland 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under alfalfa hay based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Neuron Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Placenta Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Platelet Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Ruminal Fluid 3560 +/- 270 uM Ewaschuk JB, Naylor JM, Barabash WA, Zello GA: High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of lactic, pyruvic and acetic acids and lactic acid stereoisomers in calf feces, rumen fluid and urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004 Jun 15;805(2):347-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.03.004. 15135111 Semen Identified in bull spermatozoa by GC-MS Menezes EB, Velho ALC, Santos F, Dinh T, Kaya A, Topper E, Moura AA, Memili E: Uncovering sperm metabolome to discover biomarkers for bull fertility. BMC Genomics. 2019 Sep 18;20(1):714. doi: 10.1186/s12864-019-6074-6. 31533629 Semen Analysis was performed using GC-MS in Holstein bulls (n = 16). Compound was identified by probable match parameters of the NIST Mass Spectral Search Program Velho ALC, Menezes E, Dinh T, Kaya A, Topper E, Moura AA, Memili E: Metabolomic markers of fertility in bull seminal plasma. PLoS One. 2018 Apr 10;13(4):e0195279. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195279. eCollection 2018. 29634739 Skeletal Muscle Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Spleen Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Testis Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 FDB030146 C00256 55423 DB03066 61503 42111 C00019549 D-LACTATE 34414 Lactic_acid 6150 Hsieh, Chun Lung; Houng, Jer Yiing. Preparation of D-lactic acid from D,L-lactic acid ester using wheat germ or pancreatic lipase. U.S. (1997), 5 pp.