<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:49:13 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-11 20:48:55 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0001964</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB01964</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Caffeic acid</name>
  <description>Caffeic acid, also known as caffeate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Caffeic acid exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa) molecule. Caffeic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Caffeic acid is formally rated as a possible carcinogen (by IARC 2B) and is also a potentially toxic compound.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-Caffeate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxy-trans-cinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxycinnamate</synonym>
    <synonym>Caffeate</synonym>
    <synonym>Caffeic acid, monosodium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>Caffeic acid, (e)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Sodium caffeate</synonym>
    <synonym>(2E)-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(2E)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(e)-3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(e)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(e)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(e)-Caffeic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacrylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>4-(2'-Carboxyvinyl)-1,2-dihydroxybenzene</synonym>
    <synonym>4-(2-Carboxyethenyl)-1,2-dihydroxybenzene</synonym>
    <synonym>4-(2’-carboxyvinyl)-1,2-dihydroxybenzene</synonym>
    <synonym>DHCA</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Caffeic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3',4'-Dihydroxycinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(2E)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid;</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C9H8O4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>180.1574</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>180.042258744</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>caffeic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>501-16-6</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C9H8O4/c10-7-3-1-6(5-8(7)11)2-4-9(12)13/h1-5,10-11H,(H,12,13)/b4-2+</inchi>
  <inchikey>QAIPRVGONGVQAS-DUXPYHPUSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Phenylpropanoids and polyketides</super_class>
    <class>Cinnamic acids and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Hydroxycinnamic acids</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Catechols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Cinnamic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Coumaric acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Styrenes</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic homomonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Catechol</substituent>
      <substituent>Cinnamic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Coumaric acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxycinnamic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol</substituent>
      <substituent>Styrene</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Caffeate derivatives</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>caffeic acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>225 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.15</value>
      <source>SANGSTER (1993)</source>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.67</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-2.05</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.53</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>3.64</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-6.3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>180.1574</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>180.042258744</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C9H8O4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C9H8O4/c10-7-3-1-6(5-8(7)11)2-4-9(12)13/h1-5,10-11H,(H,12,13)/b4-2+</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>QAIPRVGONGVQAS-DUXPYHPUSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>77.76</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>47.02</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>17.34</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1489</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1490</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1491</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1823</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2354</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>27718</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28715</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30492</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31466</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31913</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38615</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>159451</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>107598</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>107599</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>107600</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>174609</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>174610</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>174611</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>374048</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2226766</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2226854</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2227851</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2227941</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2229148</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2229199</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2230277</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2231628</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2232548</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2233997</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2234953</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2236241</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2237122</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2238416</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2239189</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2240394</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2241290</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2242452</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297155</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297156</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297157</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297158</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297159</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297160</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297161</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297162</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297163</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297164</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297165</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297166</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297167</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297168</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297169</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297170</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297171</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297172</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297173</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>297174</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Epidermis</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Commercial milk, by CIL LC-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mung D, Li L: Development of Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS for Milk Metabolomics: Comprehensive and Quantitative Profiling of the Amine/Phenol Submetabolome. Anal Chem. 2017 Apr 18;89(8):4435-4443. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03737. Epub 2017 Mar 28.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>28306241</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Platelet</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Prostate Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Urine</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Samples collected from 16 multiparous Holstein cows </comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Sun HZ, Wang DM, Wang B, Wang JK, Liu HY, Guan le L, Liu JX: Metabolomics of four biofluids from dairy cows: potential biomarkers for milk production and quality. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1287-98. doi: 10.1021/pr501305g. Epub 2015 Jan 28.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25599412</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <kegg_id>C01481</kegg_id>
  <chemspider_id>600426</chemspider_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB002559</foodb_id>
  <drugbank_id>DB01880</drugbank_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>689043</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chebi_id>16433</chebi_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>CPD-676</meta_cyc_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00000615</knapsack_id>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Caffeic_acid</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Mung D, Li L: Development of Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS for Milk Metabolomics: Comprehensive and Quantitative Profiling of the Amine/Phenol Submetabolome. Anal Chem. 2017 Apr 18;89(8):4435-4443. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03737. Epub 2017 Mar 28.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>28306241</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
