<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:49:25 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 20:33:27 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0001976</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB01976</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Docosapentaenoic acid</name>
  <description>Docosapentaenoic acid, also known as docosapentaenoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Docosapentaenoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. In cattle, docosapentaenoic acid is involved in the metabolic pathway called the Alpha linolenic Acid and linoleic Acid metabolism pathway.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>Docosapentaenoate</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C22H34O2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>330.512</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>330.255880335</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E)-docosa-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>docosapentaenoic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number/>
  <smiles>[H]\C(CCCCCCCCCCC)=C(\[H])/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C(/[H])=C(\[H])C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C22H34O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22(23)24/h12-21H,2-11H2,1H3,(H,23,24)/b13-12+,15-14+,17-16+,19-18+,21-20+</inchi>
  <inchikey>YEKFYCQGYMVFKR-MBFZXKRTSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Fatty Acyls</class>
    <sub_class>Fatty acids and conjugates</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Very long-chain fatty acids</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Straight chain fatty acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Unsaturated fatty acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Straight chain fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Unsaturated fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Very long-chain fatty acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Docosanoids</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>7.80</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-6.90</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>7.47</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>4.88</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E)-docosa-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>330.512</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>330.255880335</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>[H]\C(CCCCCCCCCCC)=C(\[H])/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C(/[H])=C(\[H])C(O)=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C22H34O2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C22H34O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22(23)24/h12-21H,2-11H2,1H3,(H,23,24)/b13-12+,15-14+,17-16+,19-18+,21-20+</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>YEKFYCQGYMVFKR-MBFZXKRTSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>37.3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>110.25</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>43.77</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>15</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1261402</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1261403</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1261404</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1376518</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1376519</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1376520</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Cull beef cows fed barley silage diet for 12 weeks</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>He ML, McAllister TA, Kastelic JP, Mir PS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME, Aldai N, McKinnon JJ: Feeding flaxseed in grass hay and barley silage diets to beef cows increases alpha-linolenic acid and its biohydrogenation intermediates in subcutaneous fat. J Anim Sci. 2012 Feb;90(2):592-604. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4281.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22274861</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Cull beef cows fed barley silage diet with flaxseed for 12 weeks</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>He ML, McAllister TA, Kastelic JP, Mir PS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME, Aldai N, McKinnon JJ: Feeding flaxseed in grass hay and barley silage diets to beef cows increases alpha-linolenic acid and its biohydrogenation intermediates in subcutaneous fat. J Anim Sci. 2012 Feb;90(2):592-604. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4281.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22274861</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Cull beef cows fed hay for 12 weeks</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>He ML, McAllister TA, Kastelic JP, Mir PS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME, Aldai N, McKinnon JJ: Feeding flaxseed in grass hay and barley silage diets to beef cows increases alpha-linolenic acid and its biohydrogenation intermediates in subcutaneous fat. J Anim Sci. 2012 Feb;90(2):592-604. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4281.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22274861</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Cull beef cows fed hay with flaxseed for 12 weeks</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>He ML, McAllister TA, Kastelic JP, Mir PS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME, Aldai N, McKinnon JJ: Feeding flaxseed in grass hay and barley silage diets to beef cows increases alpha-linolenic acid and its biohydrogenation intermediates in subcutaneous fat. J Anim Sci. 2012 Feb;90(2):592-604. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4281.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22274861</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Fibroblasts</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Metabolomics analysis was performed using GC-MS/LC-MS in multiparous Holstein dairy cows</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Shahzad K, Lopreiato V, Liang Y, Trevisi E, Osorio JS, Xu C, Loor JJ: Hepatic metabolomics and transcriptomics to study susceptibility to ketosis in response to prepartal nutritional management. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2019 Dec 18;10:96. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0404-z. eCollection 2019.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31867104</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Commercial, conventional whole milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff, John A. Ryals. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics (2009) 5:375-386   doi: 10.1007/s11306-009-0160-8</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>2390.289 +/- 574.880</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>The samples were collected from crossbred Holstein × Normande dairy cows, Montbéliarde cattles and Prim'Holstein. The fat content was estimated by MIR spectrometry. This the calibration set of samples</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>M. Ferrand et al. Determination of fatty acid profile in cow's milk using mid-infrared spectrometry: Interest of applying a variable selection by genetic algorithms before a PLS regression. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 106 (2011) 183?189</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>2269.261 +/- 484.109</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>The samples were collected from crossbred Holstein × Normande dairy cows, Montbéliarde cattles and Prim'Holstein. The fat content was estimated by MIR spectrometry. This the validation set of samples</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>M. Ferrand et al. Determination of fatty acid profile in cow's milk using mid-infrared spectrometry: Interest of applying a variable selection by genetic algorithms before a PLS regression. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 106 (2011) 183?189</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Samples have been collected from Heifer cows.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Osorio MT, Downey G, Moloney AP, Rohrle FT, Luciano G, Schmidt O, Monahan FJ: Beef authentication using dietary markers: chemometric selection and modelling of significant beef biomarkers using concatenated data from multiple analytical methods. Food Chem. 2013 Dec 1;141(3):2795-801. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.118. Epub  2013 Jun 5.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23871026</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Oocyte</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Detected by CP9010 autosampler onto a capillary column within a CP9001 gas chromatograph in slaughtered cow ovaries.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>McEvoy TG, Coull GD, Broadbent PJ, Hutchinson JS, Speake BK: Fatty acid composition of lipids in immature cattle, pig and sheep oocytes with intact zona pellucida. J Reprod Fertil. 2000 Jan;118(1):163-70.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>10793638</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Platelet</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <kegg_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id>6438348</pubchem_compound_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Docosapentaenoic acid</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Glasser F, Ferlay A, Chilliard Y: Oilseed lipid supplements and fatty acid composition of cow milk: a meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Dec;91(12):4687-703. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-0987.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>19038946</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff and John A. Ryals. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics (2009) 5:375?386</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>M. Ferrand et al. Determination of fatty acid profile in cow's milk using mid-infrared spectrometry: Interest of applying a variable selection by genetic algorithms before a PLS regression. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 106 (2011) 183?189</reference_text>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
