<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:50:14 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-11 20:02:33 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0002035</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB02035</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>4-Hydroxycinnamic acid</name>
  <description>trans-4-Coumaric acid, also known as 4-hydroxycinnamic acid or trans-p-hydroxycinnamate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. trans-4-Coumaric acid exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa) molecule. trans-4-Coumaric acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(2E)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(e)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(e)-p-Coumaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(e)-p-Hydroxycinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>4'-HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACID</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringeninic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Coumaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-p-Coumaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-p-Coumarinic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-p-Hydroxycinnamate</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-p-Hydroxycinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-4-Hydroxycinnamate</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Hydroxycinnamate</synonym>
    <synonym>(2E)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylate</synonym>
    <synonym>(e)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(e)-p-Coumarate</synonym>
    <synonym>(e)-p-Hydroxycinnamate</synonym>
    <synonym>4'-HYDROXYCINNAMate</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringeninate</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Coumarate</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-p-Coumarate</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-p-Coumarinate</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Coumaric acid, (e)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Coumaric acid, (Z)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Coumaric acid, disodium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Coumaryl alcohol</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Hydroxycinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Para-coumaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-3-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-HPPA</synonym>
    <synonym>3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Coumarate</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Hydroxy cinnamate</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Hydroxy cinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Hydroxyphenylpropenoate</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Hydroxyphenylpropenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>b-[4-Hydroxyphenyl]acrylate</synonym>
    <synonym>b-[4-Hydroxyphenyl]acrylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>beta-[4-Hydroxyphenyl]acrylate</synonym>
    <synonym>beta-[4-Hydroxyphenyl]acrylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>cis-P-Coumarate</synonym>
    <synonym>Hydroxycinnamate</synonym>
    <synonym>Hydroxycinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>P-Cumarate</synonym>
    <synonym>P-Cumaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>P-Hydroxycinnamate</synonym>
    <synonym>P-Hydroxyphenylacrylate</synonym>
    <synonym>P-Hydroxyphenylacrylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Para coumarate</synonym>
    <synonym>Para coumaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Para-coumarate</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Hydroxycinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-4-Coumarate</synonym>
    <synonym>(2E)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(2E)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(E)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(E)-4-Hydroxycinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>4’-Hydroxycinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Cumaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Hydroxy-trans-cinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Hydroxyphenylacrylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>p-trans-Coumaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-4-Coumaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>β-[4-Hydroxyphenyl]acrylic acid</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C9H8O3</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>164.158</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>164.047344122</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>coumaric acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>7400-08-0</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C9H8O3/c10-8-4-1-7(2-5-8)3-6-9(11)12/h1-6,10H,(H,11,12)/b6-3+</inchi>
  <inchikey>NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Phenylpropanoids and polyketides</super_class>
    <class>Cinnamic acids and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Hydroxycinnamic acids</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Cinnamic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Coumaric acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Styrenes</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic homomonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Cinnamic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Coumaric acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Coumaric acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxycinnamic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol</substituent>
      <substituent>Styrene</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>4-coumaric acid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Paracoumaryl alcohol derivatives</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>211.5 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.79</value>
      <source>SANGSTER (1994)</source>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.74</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-2.21</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.83</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>164.158</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>164.047344122</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C9H8O3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C9H8O3/c10-8-4-1-7(2-5-8)3-6-9(11)12/h1-6,10H,(H,11,12)/b6-3+</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>57.53</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>45.04</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>16.43</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1553</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1554</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1555</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::EiMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1872</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>887</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1682</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3278</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28714</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>29925</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30665</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31384</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>32086</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38236</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>163406</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>4900</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>4901</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328032</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328033</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328034</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328035</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328036</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328037</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328038</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328039</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328040</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328041</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328042</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328043</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328044</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328045</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328046</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328047</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328048</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328049</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328050</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>328051</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6485</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6486</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6487</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6488</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6489</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6490</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6492</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6493</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6494</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6495</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>179817</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>179818</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>179819</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>182151</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>182152</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>182153</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>374051</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>374069</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437395</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437396</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437397</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437398</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437399</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439156</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439266</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Fibroblasts</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>GARTON GA: THE COMPOSITION AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF MILK LIPIDS. J Lipid Res. 1963 Jul;4:237-54.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>14168161</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Milk from Friesuan Holstein cows (n=1035)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Melzer N, Wittenburg D, Hartwig S, Jakubowski S, Kesting U, Willmitzer L, Lisec J, Reinsch N, Repsilber D: Investigating associations between milk metabolite profiles and milk traits of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Mar;96(3):1521-34. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5743.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23438684</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB002593</foodb_id>
  <kegg_id>C00811</kegg_id>
  <drugbank_id>DB04066</drugbank_id>
  <chemspider_id>553148</chemspider_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>637542</pubchem_compound_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id>500</phenol_explorer_compound_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00000152</knapsack_id>
  <chebi_id>32374</chebi_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>COUMARATE</meta_cyc_id>
  <bigg_id>36077</bigg_id>
  <wikipedia_id>P-Coumaric_acid</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id>6450</metlin_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Ben-Bassat, Arie; Sariaslani, Fateme Sima; Huang, Lisa L.; Patnaik, Ranjan; Lowe, David J.  Fermentative preparation of para-hydroxycinnamic acid and cinnamic acid at alkaline ph.    U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ.  (2005),     23 pp.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>GARTON GA: THE COMPOSITION AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF MILK LIPIDS. J Lipid Res. 1963 Jul;4:237-54.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>14168161</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
