<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:50:18 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-11 20:51:22 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0002039</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB02039</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>2-Pyrrolidinone</name>
  <description/>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>1-Azacyclopentan-2-one</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Ketopyrrolidine</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Oxopyrrolidine</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Aminobutyric acid lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Pyrrolidinone</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Pyrrolidone</synonym>
    <synonym>Butyrolactam</synonym>
    <synonym>gamma-Aminobutyric acid lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>gamma-Aminobutyric lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>gamma-Butyrolactam</synonym>
    <synonym>Pyrrolidinone</synonym>
    <synonym>Pyrrolidone</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Aminobutyrate lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Pyrrolidinone</synonym>
    <synonym>Α-pyrrolidinone</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Pyrrolidone</synonym>
    <synonym>Α-pyrrolidone</synonym>
    <synonym>g-Aminobutyrate lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>g-Aminobutyric acid lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>gamma-Aminobutyrate lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>Γ-aminobutyrate lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>Γ-aminobutyric acid lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>g-Aminobutyric lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>Γ-aminobutyric lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>g-Butyrolactam</synonym>
    <synonym>Γ-butyrolactam</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone, hydrotribromide</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone, rubidium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone, (18)O-labeled</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone, 5-(14)C-labeled</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone, potassium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone, sodium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone, aluminum salt</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone, cerium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone, hydrobromide</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone, hydrochloride</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone, lithium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrol4-aminobutyric acid lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone for synthesis</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidone-butyrolactam</synonym>
    <synonym>Aminobutyric acid lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>Aminobutyric lactam</synonym>
    <synonym>Aminobutyrolactam</synonym>
    <synonym>N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone</synonym>
    <synonym>Pyrrolidin-2-one</synonym>
    <synonym>Pyrrolidon</synonym>
    <synonym>Pyrrolidone-2</synonym>
    <synonym>Tetrahydropyrrolone</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrrolidinone</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C4H7NO</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>85.1045</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>85.052763851</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>pyrrolidin-2-one</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>pyrrolidone</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>616-45-5</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>O=C1CCCN1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C4H7NO/c6-4-2-1-3-5-4/h1-3H2,(H,5,6)</inchi>
  <inchikey>HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrrolidine-2-ones. These are pyrrolidines which bear a C=O group at position 2 of the pyrrolidine ring.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organoheterocyclic compounds</super_class>
    <class>Pyrrolidines</class>
    <sub_class>Pyrrolidones</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Pyrrolidine-2-ones</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Azacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Lactams</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organonitrogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary carboxylic acid amides</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>2-pyrrolidone</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Azacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxamide group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Lactam</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary carboxylic acid amide</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>pyrrolidin-2-ones</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>23 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>water_solubility</kind>
      <value>1000 mg/mL at 20 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.85</value>
      <source>SASAKI,H ET AL. (1991)</source>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.90</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>0.80</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.58</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>14.75</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-1.8</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>pyrrolidin-2-one</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>85.1045</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>85.052763851</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>O=C1CCCN1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C4H7NO</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C4H7NO/c6-4-2-1-3-5-4/h1-3H2,(H,5,6)</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>29.1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>22.26</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>8.7</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>12231</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>29685</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>29943</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99737</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99738</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>158932</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1559</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1560</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1561</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1959</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1960</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1961</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5680</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>292951</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>292952</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>292953</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>333292</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>333293</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>333294</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2244271</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2245840</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2248548</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2249839</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2250519</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2251858</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2721384</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2721385</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2721386</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2960439</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2960440</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2960441</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1778</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1838</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148840</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148841</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148842</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148843</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148844</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148845</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148846</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148847</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148848</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148849</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148850</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148851</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148852</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148853</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148854</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148855</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148856</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148857</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148858</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148859</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Brain</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Epidermis</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Semen</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Analysis was performed using GC-MS in Holstein bulls (n = 16). Compound was identified by probable match parameters of the NIST Mass Spectral Search Program</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Velho ALC, Menezes E, Dinh T, Kaya A, Topper E, Moura AA, Memili E: Metabolomic markers of fertility in bull seminal plasma. PLoS One. 2018 Apr 10;13(4):e0195279. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195279. eCollection 2018.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29634739</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Skeletal Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <pubchem_compound_id>12025</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chemspider_id>11530</chemspider_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB000741</foodb_id>
  <wikipedia_id>2-Pyrrolidone</wikipedia_id>
  <chebi_id>36592</chebi_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <knapsack_id>C00038233</knapsack_id>
  <kegg_id>C11118</kegg_id>
  <bigg_id/>
  <metlin_id>6452</metlin_id>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
