<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 23:04:48 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-11 20:49:19 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0003459</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB03459</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>D-Alanyl-D-alanine</name>
  <description>D-Alanyl-D-alanine, also known as D-ala-D-ala or ala-ala, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dipeptides. These are organic compounds containing a sequence of exactly two alpha-amino acids joined by a peptide bond. D-Alanyl-D-alanine is possibly soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). D-Alanyl-D-alanine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(D-Ala)2</synonym>
    <synonym>D-Ala-D-ala</synonym>
    <synonym>H-D-Ala-D-ala-OH</synonym>
    <synonym>Alanyl-D-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>Ala-ala</synonym>
    <synonym>H-Ala-ala-OH</synonym>
    <synonym>Alanylalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>Alanylalanine, (D)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Alanylalanine, (D-ala)-(L-ala)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Alanylalanine, (L)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Alanylalanine, (L-ala)-(D-ala)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Alanylalanine, (L-ala)-(DL-ala)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Dialanine</synonym>
    <synonym>D-Alanyl-L-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>L-Alanyl-D-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>Di-L-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>D-Alanylalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>L-Alanyl-L-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>N-D-Alanyl-L-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>N-L-Alanyl-D-alanine</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C6H12N2O3</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>160.1711</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>160.08479226</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2R)-2-[(2R)-2-aminopropanamido]propanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>D-ala-D-ala</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>923-16-0</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>C[C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C6H12N2O3/c1-3(7)5(9)8-4(2)6(10)11/h3-4H,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)/t3-,4-/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>DEFJQIDDEAULHB-QWWZWVQMSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dipeptides. These are organic compounds containing a sequence of exactly two alpha-amino acids joined by a peptide bond.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic acids and derivatives</super_class>
    <class>Carboxylic acids and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Amino acids, peptides, and analogues</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Dipeptides</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Alanine and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alpha amino acid amides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Amino acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monoalkylamines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>N-acyl-alpha amino acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary carboxylic acid amides</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Alanine or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-amino acid amide</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-amino acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-dipeptide</substituent>
      <substituent>Amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Amino acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Amino acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxamide group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>N-acyl-alpha-amino acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary aliphatic amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary carboxylic acid amide</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>dipeptide</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-2.64</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-0.36</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-3.4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>3.73</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>8.39</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(2R)-2-[(2R)-2-aminopropanamido]propanoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>160.1711</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>160.08479226</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>C[C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C)C(O)=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C6H12N2O3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C6H12N2O3/c1-3(7)5(9)8-4(2)6(10)11/h3-4H,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)/t3-,4-/m1/s1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>DEFJQIDDEAULHB-QWWZWVQMSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>92.42</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>37.79</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>15.66</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>9705</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38608</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>102679</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>102680</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>102681</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>102682</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>175152</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1984</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1985</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1986</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28733</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28734</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28735</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>35291</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>35292</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>35293</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>448131</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2231352</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2232870</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2671263</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2671264</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2671265</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3010989</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3010990</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3010991</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22002</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22003</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22004</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22005</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22006</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22007</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22008</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22009</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22010</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22011</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22012</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22013</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22014</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22015</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22016</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22017</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22018</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22019</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22020</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>22021</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>By UPLC-Q-TOF</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Pan L, Yu J, Mi Z, Mo L, Jin H, Yao C, Ren D, Menghe B: A Metabolomics Approach Uncovers Differences between Traditional and Commercial Dairy Products in Buryatia (Russian Federation). Molecules. 2018 Mar 22;23(4). pii: molecules23040735. doi: 10.3390/molecules23040735.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29565828</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Prostate Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB003740</foodb_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <chemspider_id>4573916</chemspider_id>
  <kegg_id>C00993</kegg_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>5460362</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chebi_id>16576</chebi_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00019576</knapsack_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>D-ALA-D-ALA</meta_cyc_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id/>
  <metlin_id>6937</metlin_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Neuhaus, Francis C.  Enzymic synthesis of D-alanyl-D-alanine.    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications  (1960),  3  401-5.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Pan L, Yu J, Mi Z, Mo L, Jin H, Yao C, Ren D, Menghe B: A Metabolomics Approach Uncovers Differences between Traditional and Commercial Dairy Products in Buryatia (Russian Federation). Molecules. 2018 Mar 22;23(4). pii: molecules23040735. doi: 10.3390/molecules23040735.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>29565828</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
