<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 23:05:18 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-21 16:28:28 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0003556</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB03556</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Chitobiose</name>
  <description>Chitobiose, also known as CBS or chitobiose, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acylaminosugars. These are organic compounds containing a sugar linked to a chain through N-acyl group. Chitobiose is possibly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Chitobiose can be converted into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine; which is mediated by the enzyme Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha. In cattle, chitobiose is involved in the metabolic pathway called the amino sugar metabolism pathway. Chitobiose is a potentially toxic compound.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>CBS</synonym>
    <synonym>Chitodextrin</synonym>
    <synonym>Diacetylchitobiose</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C15H26N2O12</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>426.3731</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>426.148574306</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]carbamic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-ylcarbamic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>577-76-4</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(O)=O)[C@@H]1O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C15H26N2O12/c1-4(20)16-7-11(23)12(6(3-19)27-13(7)24)29-14-8(17-15(25)26)10(22)9(21)5(2-18)28-14/h5-14,17-19,21-24H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,16,20)(H,25,26)/t5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11-,12-,13-,14+/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>HSRZMOSQMYFZBL-CGKOVJDHSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acylaminosugars. These are organic compounds containing a sugar linked to a chain through N-acyl group.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic oxygen compounds</super_class>
    <class>Organooxygen compounds</class>
    <sub_class>Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Acylaminosugars</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Acetals</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Acetamides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbamic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Disaccharides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hemiacetals</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>N-acyl-alpha-hexosamines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>O-glycosyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic carbonic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organonitrogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxanes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Primary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary carboxylic acid amides</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Acetal</substituent>
      <substituent>Acetamide</substituent>
      <substituent>Acylaminosugar</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbamic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbamic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxamide group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Disaccharide</substituent>
      <substituent>Glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Hemiacetal</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>N-acyl-alpha-hexosamine</substituent>
      <substituent>O-glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxane</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary carboxylic acid amide</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-2.91</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-0.62</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-4.8</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>3.51</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]carbamic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>426.3731</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>426.148574306</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(O)=O)[C@@H]1O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C15H26N2O12</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C15H26N2O12/c1-4(20)16-7-11(23)12(6(3-19)27-13(7)24)29-14-8(17-15(25)26)10(22)9(21)5(2-18)28-14/h5-14,17-19,21-24H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,16,20)(H,25,26)/t5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11-,12-,13-,14+/m1/s1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>HSRZMOSQMYFZBL-CGKOVJDHSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>227.5</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>87.39</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>39.64</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>12</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>9</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Amino Sugar Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087175</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>21920</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38629</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>147973</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28262</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28263</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28264</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28265</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28266</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28267</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28268</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28269</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28270</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28271</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28272</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28273</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28274</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28275</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28276</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28277</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28278</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28279</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28280</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>28281</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>23366</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>23367</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>23368</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30164</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30165</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30166</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3055685</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3055686</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3055687</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3112130</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3112131</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3112132</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Testis</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <foodb_id>FDB023196</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id>17216232</chemspider_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <kegg_id>C01674</kegg_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>22833609</pubchem_compound_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>CHITOBIOSE</meta_cyc_id>
  <wikipedia_id>Chitobiose</wikipedia_id>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <metlin_id>6953</metlin_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Cottaz, Sylvain; Samain, Eric.  Genetic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of NI,NII-diacetylchitobiose (chitinbiose) and its utilization as a primer for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates.    Metabolic Engineering  (2005),  7(4),  311-317.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00702</protein_accession>
      <name>Acidic mammalian chitinase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q95M17</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>CHIA</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
