<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 23:20:28 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-21 16:29:06 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0006218</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB06218</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>9-cis-Retinal</name>
  <description>13-cis-13-cis-13-cis-retinal, also known as 13Z-13-cis-retinal or 13-cis-retinal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as retinoids. These are oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. Thus, 13-cis-13-cis-retinal is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. 13-cis-13-cis-13-cis-retinal is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. 13-cis-13-cis-13-cis-retinal exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In cattle, 13-cis-13-cis-retinal is involved in the metabolic pathway called the retinol metabolism pathway.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(2E,4E,6Z,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal</synonym>
    <synonym>(9cis)-Retinal</synonym>
    <synonym>9-C-Retinal</synonym>
    <synonym>9-cis-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenal</synonym>
    <synonym>9-cis-7,11,13-trans-Retinal</synonym>
    <synonym>9-cis-Retinaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>9-cis-Vitamin a aldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>Isoretinene a</synonym>
    <synonym>cis-9-Retinal</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C20H28O</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>284.4357</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>284.214015518</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2E,4E,6Z,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>9-cis-retinal</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>514-85-2</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>C/C(/C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C\C=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C20H28O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,15H,7,10,14H2,1-5H3/b9-6+,12-11+,16-8-,17-13+</inchi>
  <inchikey>NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-MKOSUFFBSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as retinoids. These are oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Prenol lipids</class>
    <sub_class>Retinoids</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Retinoids</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Aldehydes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Diterpenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Enals</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aldehyde</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Diterpenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Enal</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Retinoid skeleton</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Retinoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Retinoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>retinal</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>6.62</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-4.83</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>4.86</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-4.1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(2E,4E,6Z,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>284.4357</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>284.214015518</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>C/C(/C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C\C=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C20H28O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C20H28O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,15H,7,10,14H2,1-5H3/b9-6+,12-11+,16-8-,17-13+</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-MKOSUFFBSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>17.07</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>96.87</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>34.99</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>5</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>2025</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>5188</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>15090</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>160210</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>299464</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>299465</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>299466</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>341485</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>341486</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>341487</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2328204</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2328205</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2328206</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2634910</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2634911</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2634912</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB023842</foodb_id>
  <kegg_id>C16681</kegg_id>
  <chemspider_id>4940758</chemspider_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>6436082</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chebi_id>78273</chebi_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>CPD-13536</meta_cyc_id>
  <bigg_id>2265509</bigg_id>
  <wikipedia_id/>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference>Ostapenko, I. A.; Furaev, V. V.  The 9-cis isomerization of all-trans-retinal during in vitro regeneration of visual pigment.    Nature (London), New Biology  (1973),  243(127),  185-6.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00601</protein_accession>
      <name>Retinal dehydrogenase 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>P48644</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ALDH1A1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01288</protein_accession>
      <name>Retinol dehydrogenase 12</name>
      <uniprot_id>P59837</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>RDH12</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
