<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 23:20:47 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-21 16:28:46 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0006242</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB06242</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde</name>
  <description>3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde, also known as 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde or 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylacetaldehydes. Phenylacetaldehydes are compounds containing a phenylacetaldehyde moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the second position by an acetalydehyde. 3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde is possibly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde participates in a number of enzymatic reactions, within cattle. In particular, 3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde can be biosynthesized from norepinephrine through the action of the enzyme amine oxidase [flavin-containing] a. In addition, 3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde and methylamine can be biosynthesized from epinephrine; which is mediated by the enzyme amine oxidase [flavin-containing] a. In cattle, 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde is involved in the metabolic pathway called the tyrosine metabolism pathway.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxymandelic aldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolic aldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha,3,4-Trihydroxybenzeneacetaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha,3,4-Trihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>DHMAL</synonym>
    <synonym>DHPGALD</synonym>
    <synonym>DOPEGAL</synonym>
    <synonym>a,3,4-Trihydroxybenzeneacetaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>Α,3,4-trihydroxybenzeneacetaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>a,3,4-Trihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>Α,3,4-trihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>a,3,4-Trihydroxy-benzeneacetaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha,3,4-Trihydroxy-benzeneacetaldehyde</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C8H8O4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>168.1467</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>168.042258744</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>dhmal</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>13023-73-9</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC(C=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C8H8O4/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-4,8,10-12H</inchi>
  <inchikey>YUGMCLJIWGEKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylacetaldehydes. Phenylacetaldehydes are compounds containing a phenylacetaldehyde moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the second position by an acetalydehyde.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Benzenoids</super_class>
    <class>Benzene and substituted derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Phenylacetaldehydes</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Phenylacetaldehydes</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alpha-hydroxyaldehydes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Aromatic alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Catechols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aldehyde</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-hydroxyaldehyde</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic homomonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Catechol</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenylacetaldehyde</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>a small molecule</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>aldehyde</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>catechols</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.20</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-1.19</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.13</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>9.2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-3.8</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>168.1467</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>168.042258744</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>OC(C=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C8H8O4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C8H8O4/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-4,8,10-12H</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>YUGMCLJIWGEKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>77.76</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>41.74</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>15.68</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Tyrosine Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087235</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>2383</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>2384</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>2385</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>321511</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>321512</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>321513</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>369154</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>369155</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>369156</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2431918</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2431919</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2431920</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2503316</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2503317</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2503318</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>25052</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38977</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>136413</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>144147</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67972</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67973</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67974</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67975</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67976</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67977</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67978</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67979</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67980</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67981</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67982</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67983</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67984</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67985</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67986</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67987</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67988</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67989</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67990</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>67991</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB030386</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id>133725</chemspider_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>151725</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chebi_id>27852</chebi_id>
  <kegg_id>C05577</kegg_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <bigg_id>46056</bigg_id>
  <wikipedia_id/>
  <metlin_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>DIHYDROXYPHENYLGLYCOLALDEHYDE</meta_cyc_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00890</protein_accession>
      <name>Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A</name>
      <uniprot_id>P21398</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>MAOA</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00991</protein_accession>
      <name>Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q3ZC42</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ADH5</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
