<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-10-03 18:39:12 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 20:40:04 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0013334</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB13334</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>9,12-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine</name>
  <description/>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(Z,Z)9,12-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine</synonym>
    <synonym>9(Z),12(Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine</synonym>
    <synonym>9,12-Hexadecadienylcarnitine</synonym>
    <synonym>9Z,12Z-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine</synonym>
    <synonym>Acyl carnitine C16:2</synonym>
    <synonym>Hexadecadienyl-L-carnitine</synonym>
    <synonym>(4S)-4-[(9Z,12Z)-Hexadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoic acid</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C23H41NO4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>395.5759</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>395.303558805</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(4S)-4-[(9Z,12Z)-hexadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(4S)-4-[(9Z,12Z)-hexadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number/>
  <smiles>CCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]([N+](C)(C)C)CCC([O-])=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C23H41NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-23(27)28-21(24(2,3)4)19-20-22(25)26/h7-8,10-11,21H,5-6,9,12-20H2,1-4H3/b8-7-,11-10-/t21-/m0/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>AHZCIODFJPNPKS-XBDLETADSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid esters. These are carboxylic ester derivatives of a fatty acid.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Fatty Acyls</class>
    <sub_class>Fatty acid esters</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Fatty acid esters</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acid esters</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acid salts</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic salts</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tetraalkylammonium salts</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid salt</substituent>
      <substituent>Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic salt</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Tetraalkylammonium salt</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.54</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-7.46</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.64</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>4.17</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-7.2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(4S)-4-[(9Z,12Z)-hexadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>395.5759</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>395.303558805</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>CCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]([N+](C)(C)C)CCC([O-])=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C23H41NO4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C23H41NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-23(27)28-21(24(2,3)4)19-20-22(25)26/h7-8,10-11,21H,5-6,9,12-20H2,1-4H3/b8-7-,11-10-/t21-/m0/s1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>AHZCIODFJPNPKS-XBDLETADSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>66.43</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>139.24</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>48.22</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>18</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>319012</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>319013</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>319014</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>365983</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>365984</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>365985</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>23920</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.003 +/- 0.01</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow fed barley grains (15% of diet dry matter). </comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.005 +/- 0.01</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow fed barley grains (30% of diet dry matter). </comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.003</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>By direct flow injection MS/MS. Daily cows fed barley grains (15% of diet dry matter) (n=8)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22959937</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.003 +/- 0.001</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow fed barley grains (45% of diet dry matter). </comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.005</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>By direct flow injection MS/MS. Daily cows fed barley grains (30% of diet dry matter) (n=8)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22959937</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.004 +/- 0.002</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow, no barley grains in diet.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.003</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>By direct flow injection MS/MS. Daily cows fed barley grains (45% of diet dry matter) (n=8)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22959937</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.009 +/- 0.001</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow, no barley grains in diet. Metabolite measured DFI-MS/MS.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.004</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>By direct flow injection MS/MS. No barley grains in diet (n=8)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22959937</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.003 +/- 0.001</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB029394</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id>53481687</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chebi_id>89745</chebi_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id/>
  <metlin_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
