<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2018-06-29 22:18:42 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 21:25:57 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0062205</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB62205</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Gadoleic acid</name>
  <description>9Z-Eicosenoic acid, also known as cis-gadoleate or 9C-eicosensaeure, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. 9Z-Eicosenoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(Z)-Eicos-9-enoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>9C-Eicosensaeure</synonym>
    <synonym>C20:1C</synonym>
    <synonym>cis-9-Eicosenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>cis-Delta(9)-Eicosenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Eicos-9C-enoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Eicos-9C-ensaeure</synonym>
    <synonym>(Z)-Eicos-9-enoate</synonym>
    <synonym>cis-9-Eicosenoate</synonym>
    <synonym>cis-delta(9)-Eicosenoate</synonym>
    <synonym>cis-Δ(9)-eicosenoate</synonym>
    <synonym>cis-Δ(9)-eicosenoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Eicos-9C-enoate</synonym>
    <synonym>9Z-Eicosenoate</synonym>
    <synonym>Gadoleate</synonym>
    <synonym>Gadoleic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>FA(20:1(9Z))</synonym>
    <synonym>cis-Gadoleate</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C20H38O2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>310.522</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>310.287180464</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(9Z)-icos-9-enoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>gadoleic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>29204-02-2</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[H]\C(CCCCCCCCCC)=C(/[H])CCCCCCCC(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C20H38O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20(21)22/h11-12H,2-10,13-19H2,1H3,(H,21,22)/b12-11-</inchi>
  <inchikey>LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-QXMHVHEDSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Fatty Acyls</class>
    <sub_class>Fatty acids and conjugates</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Long-chain fatty acids</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Straight chain fatty acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Unsaturated fatty acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Long-chain fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Straight chain fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Unsaturated fatty acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Unsaturated fatty acids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>icosenoic acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state/>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>8.41</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-6.80</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>7.67</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>4.99</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(9Z)-icos-9-enoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>310.522</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>310.287180464</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>[H]\C(CCCCCCCCCC)=C(/[H])CCCCCCCC(O)=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C20H38O2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C20H38O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20(21)22/h11-12H,2-10,13-19H2,1H3,(H,21,22)/b12-11-</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-QXMHVHEDSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>37.3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>96.6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>41.32</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>17</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>34769</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>48917</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>131728</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>139462</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>70611</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>70612</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>70613</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>129141</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>129142</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>129143</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2375363</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2375364</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2375365</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2559498</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2559499</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2559500</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>3692.94</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Subcutaneous (SF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage without flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat from beef steers. Steers were fed grasshay with flaxseed for 205 days.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan ME, McAllister TA: Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25093808</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat from beef steers. Steers were fed grasshay with sunflower seed for 205 days.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan ME, McAllister TA: Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25093808</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat from beef steers. Steers were fed red clove silage with flaxseed for 205 days.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan ME, McAllister TA: Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25093808</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat from beef steers. Steers were fed red clove silage with sunflower seed for 205 days.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan ME, McAllister TA: Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25093808</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>2608.51</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat. Calf-finished</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME: Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Nov 4;4(1):41. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24188642</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>1449.17</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat. With growth promoting implants</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME: Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Nov 4;4(1):41. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24188642</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>1777.65</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat. Without growth promoting implants</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME: Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Nov 4;4(1):41. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24188642</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>598.99</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat. Yearling-finished</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME: Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Nov 4;4(1):41. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24188642</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>169.78</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Intramuscular (IMF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage with flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>158.83</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Intramuscular (IMF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage without flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>1829.24</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Perirenal (PF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage with flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>2646.48</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Perirenal (PF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage without flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>3707.98</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Subcutaneous (SF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage with flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>96.612</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>96.612</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>96.612</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>1255.95</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Samples have been collected from Heifer cows.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Osorio MT, Downey G, Moloney AP, Rohrle FT, Luciano G, Schmidt O, Monahan FJ: Beef authentication using dietary markers: chemometric selection and modelling of significant beef biomarkers using concatenated data from multiple analytical methods. Food Chem. 2013 Dec 1;141(3):2795-801. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.118. Epub  2013 Jun 5.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23871026</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB003771</foodb_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <chemspider_id>4445894</chemspider_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>5282767</pubchem_compound_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00053190</knapsack_id>
  <chebi_id>32419</chebi_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Gadoleic acid</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Trimigno A, Munger L, Picone G, Freiburghaus C, Pimentel G, Vionnet N, Pralong F, Capozzi F, Badertscher R, Vergeres G: GC-MS Based Metabolomics and NMR Spectroscopy Investigation of Food Intake Biomarkers for Milk and Cheese in Serum of Healthy Humans. Metabolites. 2018 Mar 23;8(2). pii: metabo8020026. doi: 10.3390/metabo8020026.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>29570652</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
