Showing metabocard for Selenocysteine (BMDB0003288)

General function:

Involved in ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis from CDP-ethanolamine. It thereby plays a central role in the formation and maintenance of vesicular membranes. Involved in the foramtion of phosphatidylethanolamine via 'Kennedy' pathway (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SELENOI

Uniprot ID:

Q17QM4

Molecular weight:

45214.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Involved in the control of reactive oxygen species levels and the regulation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis (By similarity). Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. May play a role in redox-regulated cell signaling.

Gene Name:

TXNRD2

Uniprot ID:

Q9N2I8

Molecular weight:

54670.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the decomposition of L-selenocysteine to L-alanine and elemental selenium.

Gene Name:

SCLY

Uniprot ID:

A2VDS1

Molecular weight:

47204.0

Reactions

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

TXNRD1

Uniprot ID:

O62768

Molecular weight:

54770.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Essential antioxidant peroxidase that directly reduces phospholipid hydroperoxide even if they are incorporated in membranes and lipoproteins (By similarity). Can also reduce fatty acid hydroperoxide, cholesterol hydroperoxide and thymine hydroperoxide (By similarity). Plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation. Required to prevent cells from ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death resulting from an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species. The presence of selenocysteine (Sec) versus Cys at the active site is essential for life: it provides resistance to overoxidation and prevents cells against ferroptosis. The presence of Sec at the active site is also essential for the survival of a specific type of parvalbumin-positive interneurons, thereby preventing against fatal epileptic seizures. May be required to protect cells from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides. Required for normal sperm development and male fertility. Essential for maturation and survival of photoreceptor cells. Plays a role in a primary T-cell response to viral and parasitic infection by protecting T-cells from ferroptosis and by supporting T-cell expansion (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GPX4

Uniprot ID:

Q9N2J2

Molecular weight:

22240.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione.

Gene Name:

GPX3

Uniprot ID:

P37141

Molecular weight:

25663.0

General function:

Involved in selenium binding

Specific function:

Responsible for the deiodination of T4 (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine).

Gene Name:

DIO2

Uniprot ID:

Q5I3B0

Molecular weight:

3734.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Protects the hemoglobin in erythrocytes from oxidative breakdown.

Gene Name:

GPX1

Uniprot ID:

P00435

Molecular weight:

22659.0

General function:

Involved in selenium binding

Specific function:

Responsible for the deiodination of T4 (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine).

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

Q9BDR5

Molecular weight:

11173.0

General function:

Involved in selenium binding

Specific function:

Responsible for the deiodination of T4 (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine) into T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine). Essential for providing the brain with appropriate levels of T3 during the critical period of development.

Gene Name:

DIO2

Uniprot ID:

Q5I3B2

Molecular weight:

30303.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Methionine-sulfoxide reductase that specifically reduces methionine (R)-sulfoxide back to methionine. While in many cases, methionine oxidation is the result of random oxidation following oxidative stress, methionine oxidation is also a post-translational modification that takes place on specific residue. Acts as a regulator of actin assembly by reducing methionine (R)-sulfoxide mediated by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) on actin, thereby promoting filament repolymerization. Plays a role in innate immunity by reducing oxidized actin, leading to actin repolymerization in macrophages.

Gene Name:

MSRB1

Uniprot ID:

Q3MHL9

Molecular weight:

12833.0

General function:

Involved in selenium binding

Specific function:

Responsible for the deiodination of T4 (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine) into RT3 (3,3',5'-triiodothyronine) and of T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine) into T2 (3,3'-diiodothyronine). RT3 and T2 are inactive metabolites. May play a role in preventing premature exposure of developing fetal tissues to adult levels of thyroid hormones. Can regulate circulating fetal thyroid hormone concentrations throughout gestation. Essential role for regulation of thyroid hormone inactivation during embryological development.

Gene Name:

DIO3

Uniprot ID:

Q5I3B1

Molecular weight:

33888.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the last step in the trans-sulfuration pathway from methionine to cysteine. Has broad substrate specificity. Converts cystathionine to cysteine, ammonia and 2-oxobutanoate. Converts two cysteine molecules to lanthionine and hydrogen sulfide. Can also accept homocysteine as substrate. Specificity depends on the levels of the endogenous substrates. Generates the endogenous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and so contributes to the regulation of blood pressure. Acts as a cysteine-protein sulfhydrase by mediating sulfhydration of target proteins: sulfhydration consists of converting -SH groups into -SSH on specific cysteine residues of target proteins such as GAPDH, PTPN1 and NF-kappa-B subunit RELA, thereby regulating their function (By similarity).

Gene Name:

CTH

Uniprot ID:

Q58DW2

Molecular weight:

44406.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in selenium binding

Specific function:

Selenoprotein with thioredoxin reductase-like oxidoreductase activity (By similarity). Protects dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress ans cell death (By similarity). Involved in ADCYAP1/PACAP-induced calcium mobilization and neuroendocrine secretion (By similarity). Plays a role in fibroblast anchorage and redox regulation (By similarity). In gastric smooth muscle, modulates the contraction processes through the regulation of calcium release and MYLK activation (By similarity). In pancreatic islets, involved in the control of glucose homeostasis, contributes to prolonged ADCYAP1/PACAP-induced insulin secretion (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SELENOT

Uniprot ID:

A6QP01

Molecular weight:

22248.0

General function:

Involved in selenium binding

Specific function:

Involved in the degradation process of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins. Participates in the transfer of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytosol, where they are destroyed by the proteasome in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. Probably acts by serving as a linker between DERL1, which mediates the retrotranslocation of misfolded proteins into the cytosol, and the ATPase complex VCP, which mediates the translocation and ubiquitination (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SELENOS

Uniprot ID:

Q2KI76

Molecular weight:

21385.0

General function:

Inorganic ion transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Constitutes a major selenium pool in the brain and may play an important role in developing and/or modulating the morphology of neurons and/or glial cells.

Gene Name:

SELENOP

Uniprot ID:

P49907

Molecular weight:

45488.0

General function:

Involved in selenium binding

Specific function:

Required for Ca(2+) flux in immune cells and plays a role in T-cell proliferation and in T-cell and neutrophil migration (By similarity). Involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of soluble glycosylated proteins (By similarity). Required for palmitoylation and cell surface expression of CD36 and involved in macrophage uptake of low-density lipoprotein and in foam cell formation (By similarity). Together with ZDHHC6, required for palmitoylation of ITPR1 in immune cells, leading to regulate ITPR1 stability and function. Plays a role in protection of cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. Protects cells from oxidative stress when overexpressed in cardiomyocytes (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SELENOK

Uniprot ID:

Q32PE3

Molecular weight:

10805.0

General function:

Involved in selenium binding

Specific function:

May be involved in redox reactions associated with the formation of disulfide bonds (By similarity). May contribute to the quality control of protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. May regulate protein folding by enhancing the catalytic activity of UGGT1/UGCGL1 and UGGT2/UGCGL2 (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SELENOF

Uniprot ID:

A8YXY3

Molecular weight:

17975.0