Phenotypes

In a remarkable indication of the power of whole-genome sequence analysis, Daetwyler et al. (2014) identified a causal mutation for this disorder in Holstein Friesian cattle as a missense mutation (g.32475732G>A [UMD3.1 reference sequence]; p.Gly960Arg, omia.variant:223) in the COL2A1 gene (which encodes the alpha-1 chain of type II collagen), by comparing the sequence of only two affected calves with sequence from bulls in the 1000-bull-ge...

Jacinto et al. (2025) investigated a Holstein calf with primordial disproportionate dwarfism and craniofacial dysmorphism using a whole genome sequencing approach: "A heterozygous pathogenic missense variant in exon 12 of PDGFRA [Chr6:g.69749162 T > C; c.1685 T > C; p.Ile562Thr; omia.variant:1841], which replaces residue 562, was found and might be due to a spontaneous de novo mutation. However, due to the lack of parental DNA, we could ...

See also: 'OMIA:001009-9915 : Hemimelia, tibial in Bos indicus'

Jacinto et al. (2023): "A trio whole-genome sequencing approach [of an affected 5 month old Wagyu calf and its parents] identified a deleterious homozygous missense variant in DGKG (p.Thr721Ile). The allele frequency in 209 genotyped Wagyu was 7.2%."

Recognising the close resemblance of this disorder in Chianina cattle to Brody disease in humans, Drögemüller et al. (2008) illustrated the power of the candidate-gene approach by showing that this disorder in Chianina cattle is due to a missense mutation in the bovine version of the "Brody gene" - ATP2A1. Interestingly, another mutation in this same gene causes a far more severe set of clinical signs: congenital muscular dystonia 1 (OMIA 0014...

"Affected animals have a crooked tail and shortened head, growth retardation, extreme muscularity and spastic paresia, although some characteristics show variable penetrance. CTS is not lethal per se, but causes substantial economic losses due to growth retardation and treatment." (Charlier et al., 2008)

Cloning and sequencing of the bovine gene encoding molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase (MCSU, now called MOCOS) in normal and affected cattle, by Watanabe et al. (2000), revealed the causal mutation to be a 3bp deletion (c.769_771delTAC) of codon 257 (deleting Tyr) in the MOCOS gene (omia.variant:446). Murgiano et al. (2016) discovered a different mutation in the MUCOS gene as the likely cause in Tyrolean Grey cattle: "1 bp deletion in the molybd...